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Myopia(Short-Sightedness)

Finding it harder to see clearly at a distance?

Road signs looking blurred, difficulty recognising faces from further away, or finding yourself squinting to bring distant objects into focus can all be signs of myopia, also known as short-sightedness.

Myopia is a very common vision condition, and there are several ways to correct it depending on your prescription, eye health and individual needs.

At Optilase, a detailed assessment can help you understand your vision and which treatment options may be suitable for you.

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Short-sightedness is common, and correctable

Myopia affects a large share of the population and usually appears while the eyes are still growing. For most people it is a focusing problem rather than a disease, and it responds well to correction.

Glasses and contact lenses work well for many people. For suitable adults, laser eye surgery or an implantable lens can reduce or remove the need for them altogether.

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What is myopia?

Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is a common focusing problem that makes distant objects appear blurred while objects closer to you are usually clearer.

In an eye without myopia, light entering the eye is focused directly onto the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that sends visual information to your brain.

With myopia, light focuses in front of the retina rather than directly on it. This usually happens because the eyeball is slightly longer than average, although the shape and focusing power of the cornea can also contribute. The further the focal point falls in front of the retina, the stronger the short-sighted prescription tends to be.

Myopia can range from mild to high. People with mild myopia may only need correction for particular activities, while those with a stronger prescription usually rely more consistently on glasses or contact lenses for clear distance vision.

Myopia often begins during childhood or adolescence as the eye grows. In many people the prescription stabilises by early adulthood, although it can continue to change for longer in some cases.

What are the causes of myopia?

There is not always one clear reason why someone develops myopia. Genetic and environmental factors can both play a role.

Myopia is more likely to develop if one or both parents are short-sighted, which suggests a strong genetic component. It is also associated with the way the eye grows during childhood: when the eyeball becomes too long from front to back, incoming light focuses before it reaches the retina.

Environmental factors can also influence the development and progression of myopia, particularly during childhood. Spending long periods on close-up activities and spending less time outdoors have both been associated with an increased likelihood of myopia.

This does not mean that reading a book or using a screen will automatically make someone short-sighted. Myopia generally develops through a combination of factors rather than one single habit.

Young man balancing a football on his head in a park after LASIK

What causes myopia to worsen?

Myopia often progresses while the eyes are still growing, which is why prescriptions can change more frequently during childhood and the teenage years. People who develop myopia at a younger age may have more time for it to progress and can therefore be more likely to develop a stronger prescription.

Once eye growth slows, myopia often becomes more stable. Prescriptions can still change in adulthood, so regular eye examinations remain important.

Myopia is also described according to the strength of the prescription, and is often grouped into mild, moderate and high myopia. High myopia generally refers to a stronger degree of short-sightedness and requires regular eye-health monitoring.

Symptoms of myopia

The main symptom of myopia is blurred distance vision. You may notice that nearby objects remain clear while things further away are increasingly difficult to see. Common signs include:

  • Difficulty reading road signs or other distant text
  • Blurred vision when watching television or looking across a room
  • Difficulty recognising people from a distance
  • Squinting to see faraway objects more clearly
  • Eye strain or tired eyes
  • Headaches associated with visual effort
  • Difficulty seeing a whiteboard or screen from a distance
  • Moving closer to objects in order to see them clearly
  • Greater difficulty with distance vision when driving, particularly in lower light

Symptoms can develop gradually, so changes in distance vision are not always immediately obvious. If you notice that faraway objects are becoming harder to see clearly, an eye examination can help determine whether myopia or another vision condition is the cause.

Treatment options for short-sightedness

There are several ways to correct myopia. The most appropriate approach depends on your age, prescription, eye health, lifestyle and whether your prescription is stable.

Glasses

Prescription glasses are one of the simplest and most widely used ways to correct short-sightedness. The lenses change how light enters the eye so that it focuses correctly on the retina, providing clearer distance vision.

Contact lenses

Contact lenses can also correct myopia and may be preferred by people who do not want to wear glasses for certain activities. The most suitable type depends on your prescription, eye health and how frequently you want to wear them.

Laser eye surgery

For adults with a stable prescription and suitable eye health, laser vision correction changes the shape of the cornea so that incoming light focuses more accurately on the retina.

Procedures include LASIK and surface laser treatments such as PRK. Which is most suitable depends on your prescription, corneal thickness and shape, general eye health and lifestyle.

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Phakic intraocular lenses

For some people with high myopia, the prescription may be outside the range that can be safely treated with corneal laser surgery. An implantable lens may then be a more favourable option.

Rather than reshaping the cornea, this approach corrects focus with a carefully positioned artificial lens placed inside the eye by your surgeon.

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There is no single treatment that is right for everyone with high myopia. It is also important to distinguish between correcting the blurred vision caused by high myopia and monitoring the health of a highly short-sighted eye. Corrective treatment does not remove the longer-term eye-health risks associated with high myopia, so regular eye examinations remain important.

How LASIK and PRK correct myopia

Laser eye surgery for myopia reshapes the cornea so that light focuses on the retina rather than in front of it. For short-sighted prescriptions, the laser reduces the focusing power of the central cornea. LASIK and PRK work toward the same optical goal but access the cornea differently.

  • 01

    Anaesthetic drops

    Anaesthetic eye drops are applied to numb the surface of the eye before treatment begins.

  • 02

    The cornea is prepared

    With LASIK, a thin corneal flap is created and gently lifted. With PRK, treatment is performed from the surface of the cornea without creating a flap, which can be more appropriate for patients with thinner corneas.

  • 03

    The laser corrects the prescription

    An excimer laser reshapes the curvature of the central cornea according to your individual prescription and eye measurements, reducing its focusing power so light lands on the retina.

  • 04

    Healing begins

    With LASIK the flap is repositioned. With PRK a protective contact lens is placed over the treated surface while it heals. Recovery is generally faster after LASIK than after surface laser treatment.

Am I suitable for laser eye surgery for myopia?

Laser vision correction is generally considered for adults whose prescription has become stable and whose eyes are healthy. Your assessment will look at the strength and stability of your prescription, corneal shape and thickness, overall eye health and your individual visual needs.

A stronger prescription does not automatically mean surgery is unsuitable, but there are limits to how much corneal tissue can safely be reshaped. For some people with very high myopia, an implantable lens may therefore be more appropriate than LASIK or PRK.

The purpose of your consultation is to determine which approach is suitable for your eyes, rather than choosing a procedure based on prescription alone.

Smiling man swimming in the sea after PRK eye surgery

Benefits of treating short-sightedness

Correcting myopia allows light to focus more accurately on the retina, providing clearer distance vision. Depending on the method of correction you choose, potential benefits can include:

Short-sightedness treatment cost in Northern Ireland

The cost depends on which treatment is suitable for your eyes. If your prescription falls outside the appropriate range for laser correction, an implantable lens may be recommended instead, and your clinical team will explain those costs at your assessment.

We believe the financial side of treatment should be clear before you make a decision, so your consultation includes clear pricing before you decide whether to proceed.

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  • Standard Laser Eye Surgery

    From £795 per eye

    or from £27 per month

    Standard Laser Eye Surgery fixes short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism with advanced laser tech for clearer vision.

    • Free Consultation with Senior Refractive Optometrist
    • Corneal Topography, Eye Design and AR Scans.
    • Pre-operative Consultation with Surgeon
    • Laser Eye Surgery
    • Post-operative Care

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  • LASIK

    From £1,847.50 per eye

    or from £77 per month

    A flap-based laser procedure with rapid visual recovery, usually within a day.

    • Free consultation
    • Advanced diagnostic scans
    • Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
    • Surgery
    • Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
    • Eye care drops
    • Laser lifetime care guarantee

    Split your payments withhumm

  • PRK

    From £1,847.50 per eye

    or from £77 per month

    A surface laser treatment suited to thinner corneas, with a slightly longer recovery.

    • Free consultation
    • Advanced diagnostic scans
    • Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
    • PRK Surgery
    • Eye care drops
    • Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
    • Laser lifetime care guarantee

    Split your payments withhumm

  • Phakic IOL

    From £3,247.50 per eye

    or from £136 per month

    An implantable lens placed alongside the natural lens, for higher prescriptions.

    • Pre-operative consultation with ophthalmic surgeon
    • Advanced diagnostic scans
    • Phakic IOL Surgery
    • Eye care drops
    • Post-operative appointment with refractive optometrist

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Meet our surgeons

  • Mr Thomas Materman

    Mr Tom Materman received his primary medical degree from the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in 1991. He worked as a locum GP before spending 12 months in Nepal with the Tilganga Eye Institute, part of the Fred Hollows Foundation, committed to providing first-world eye care in third-world countries. He then underwent postgraduate training in Ophthalmology in Wellington, New Zealand. After his training, he gained further Fellowship experience at the West of England Eye Hospital and the glaucoma service of Moorfields Eye Hospital, then completed a two-year refractive surgical fellowship in London with Professor Jan Venter.

    Since 2006 he has been a Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Mr Materman has performed over 30,000 laser vision correction procedures (LASIK and PRK) and has significant experience in other areas of refractive practice such as lens replacement surgery, ICL implantation and cataract surgery. He keeps his knowledge up to date by attending numerous courses and conferences and is enrolled in an approved CPD programme by the Irish College of Ophthalmologists.

    Mr Materman is dedicated to using the most advanced techniques and safest technologies worldwide, and is a member of various professional organisations including the Irish Medical Council, the General Medical Council (UK) and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons.

    In his free time he enjoys photography, cooking, and outdoor activities such as mountain biking, road cycling and ocean sports.

  • Mr Mikhail Hernandez

    Mr Mikhail Hernandez is a fully qualified medical practitioner with vast experience in ophthalmology. After graduating Magna Cum Laude, with great distinction, and gaining his Spanish University Medical Degree in 2011, his passion for ophthalmology developed. Becoming a specialist in the field, Mr Hernandez continued his studies in ophthalmology, winning the scholarship of the Congress of the Valencian Society of Ophthalmology in 2016 and becoming a Specialist Doctor of Ophthalmology in 2017.

    Since then Mr Hernandez has completed a number of advanced qualifications in ophthalmology. He is a cornea specialist with experience in both normal and pathological corneal diagnosis and treatment, having performed multiple intricate surgeries such as corneal transplant, keratoconus and pterygium, using advanced technologies including the femtosecond and excimer lasers. He has practised as an ophthalmologist in southern Ireland and in Spain, has performed more than 4,000 cataract surgery procedures, and has gained a vast amount of experience in refractive intraocular lens treatments.

    With a keen interest in cataract and lens replacement care, Mr Hernandez regularly attends and speaks at industry conferences to stay on top of the latest developments in the field, and has shared his findings as a co-author and research participant in a substantial number of medical books, journals and clinical studies both internationally and nationally. He also teaches ophthalmology residents and medical students from Spain and other parts of Europe in the ophthalmology and cornea field.

    On a personal level, Mr Hernandez loves to travel and to spend time with his family. His current favourite pastime is raising his baby.

  • Dr Mehul Damani

    Dr Mehul Damani is an ophthalmic surgeon with extensive specialist training in refractive surgery and is considered a leader in his field by his patients and peers. He is a specialist in LASIK and PRK laser eye surgery, having performed over 19,000 procedures, and has mentored many ophthalmic surgeons during their refractive surgery training.

    He graduated from the University of Mumbai, where he won the Pfizer Medical award and medallion for first place in the final MBBS examination. He then became a Registrar at Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals in Mumbai, subsequently completing three years of specialist ophthalmology training with an emphasis on cataract and glaucoma surgery.

    Dr Damani widened his experience as a specialist doctor for Colchester General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Southend University NHS Hospital. He gained further specialist training in refractive surgery and was awarded the Certificate in Refractive Surgery (CertLRS) from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, and has conducted observations in oculoplasty at Moorfields. He has presented many peer-reviewed medical papers and posters for the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS).

    Dr Damani is passionate about Indian classical music and loves to travel and explore different cultures and cuisines. He enjoys the process of training new surgeons.

  • Mr Dipak Parmar

    Mr Dipak Parmar completed his medical training at the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals in London. He completed his basic surgical training at King's College Hospital in neurosurgery and ophthalmology, after which he passed the FRCOphth examination to become a Fellow of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. He completed his higher surgical training in ophthalmology and a fellowship in uveitis and medical retina at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London.

    Mr Parmar completed an international clinical fellowship in cornea, external diseases and refractive surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, from 2003 to 2005. As a result of his training and research he has authored over 40 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has written 3 book chapters. He is one of the few eye surgeons in the UK to have undergone state-of-the-art training in refractive surgery in a prestigious clinical fellowship programme in the USA, and one of the first ophthalmology consultants in the UK to offer corneal collagen cross-linking treatment for keratoconus, in both private and NHS settings.

    He was awarded the CCST (Certificate of Completion of Surgical Training) and specialist registration under the General Medical Council in ophthalmology in 2003, and took up the post of consultant ophthalmic surgeon at Barts Health NHS Trust, London, in 2006. He moved on from the NHS in 2017 to further his career as an independent consultant ophthalmic surgeon based in London and Essex, and continues to perform high-volume cataract surgery for independent providers to the NHS on a biweekly basis. He regularly performs lens and laser based vision correction procedures in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

    Mr Parmar was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (FRANZCO) in September 2011. In 2023 he spent significant time working in busy private and public hospitals in rural south-west Australia, gaining a high volume of experience in general ophthalmology, cataract surgery, medical retina injections, and glaucoma including selective laser trabeculoplasty and iStent minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

    Mr Parmar has extensive surgical experience with over 15,000 eye surgeries completed to date, including over 10,000 cataract and lens surgeries and over 5,000 laser vision correction procedures.

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What our patients say

  • Margaret Mc Clafferty

    I had LASIK done in Dublin after a consultation and follow up in Derry. From the very start, Elizabeth in Derry put me at ease with her approach. Such a warm, helpful way…

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  • Shanna Blair

    Lianne is fabulous, great consultation lots of information and lovely to speak to

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  • Ben Sheeran

    Fantastic staff. Lianne was really courteous and professional

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  • Aline Bortolotti Secco

    I had a great LASIK experience at Optilase Carrickmines and couldn’t be happier with the results. Dr. Tom Materman is incredibly kind, attentive, and made me feel comfort…

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  • Luke

    Very good experience throughout. Very helpful and friendly staff and a quick procedure done. Would recommend.

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  • Carl Thorne

    Life changing. From the initial consultation to the aftercare, Optilase have been friendly, professional and caring every step of the way. No worry or concern was too sma…

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  • Colm Smith

    Very happy with the operation, results and the aftercare

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  • Thomas Mielimonka

    Fantastic experience through and through. Fred and the rest of Belfast team were a dream to work with. They explained everything, kept me well informed and honoured the …

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  • Sarah Lennon

    Very nice staff. Very patient and accommodating. Made a nervous patient feel less so.

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  • Gerard Mcphillips

    Very professional and appointments on time

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  • D

    Great team, great experience. Anyone thinking about doing it, do it. Always on the end of the phone if there was any issues. Highly recommend!

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  • Jason Farrell

    The entire process was smooth professional and completely stress free, I couldn't be happier with my outcome

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Myopia questions answered

Common questions about short-sightedness, how it develops and how it can be corrected.

  • Yes. Myopia is a very common eye condition. It frequently begins during childhood or adolescence and can vary considerably in severity from person to person.

    Regular eye examinations can identify myopia and determine the level of correction required.

  • Reading itself does not mean that you will automatically develop myopia. Research has associated prolonged periods of near-focus activity with a greater risk of developing or progressing myopia during childhood, particularly when combined with limited time outdoors.

    Reading, studying and using screens are best understood as possible environmental factors rather than a single direct cause.

  • Myopia does not normally disappear simply because you get older. It often progresses while the eye is growing and then becomes more stable during early adulthood.

    Other age-related changes to the eyes can alter your vision later in life, but these do not mean that the underlying myopia has been cured.

  • Myopia most commonly begins earlier in life rather than being caused by normal ageing. An existing prescription can still change in adulthood, and certain changes within the eye may cause someone to become more short-sighted later in life.

    A new or significant change in prescription in adulthood should be assessed rather than assumed to be a normal consequence of ageing.

  • Myopia can be corrected very effectively, but cure can be a misleading word. Glasses and contact lenses correct how light focuses while they are being worn, and laser eye surgery can reshape the cornea to correct the refractive error for suitable adults.

    Laser treatment does not shorten an elongated eyeball, and natural changes to vision can still occur later in life.

  • LASIK can correct myopia in many suitable adults by reshaping the cornea so light focuses more accurately on the retina. It can significantly reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses.

    It is more accurate to describe LASIK as correcting myopia rather than curing the underlying anatomy of a short-sighted eye.

  • In most cases myopia can be corrected effectively and does not lead to sight loss. People with high myopia do have a higher risk of developing certain eye conditions over time, which is why regular eye examinations are important.

    These check-ups allow your eye health to be monitored and any changes identified early. Having high myopia does not mean that you will lose your sight.

  • High myopia is a more severe form of short-sightedness, typically a prescription of -6.00 dioptres or more. It usually requires stronger vision correction and carries a higher risk of eye health issues.

    The best corrective option varies by individual and may include glasses, contact lenses, laser eye surgery or an implantable lens.

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