Myopia(Short-Sightedness)
Finding it harder to see clearly at a distance?
Road signs looking blurred, difficulty recognising faces from further away, or finding yourself squinting to bring distant objects into focus can all be signs of myopia, also known as short-sightedness.
Myopia is a very common vision condition, and there are several ways to correct it depending on your prescription, eye health and individual needs.
At Optilase, a detailed assessment can help you understand your vision and which treatment options may be suitable for you.
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Short-sightedness is common, and correctable
Myopia affects a large share of the population and usually appears while the eyes are still growing. For most people it is a focusing problem rather than a disease, and it responds well to correction.
Glasses and contact lenses work well for many people. For suitable adults, laser eye surgery or an implantable lens can reduce or remove the need for them altogether.
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What is myopia?
Myopia, also known as short-sightedness, is a common focusing problem that makes distant objects appear blurred while objects closer to you are usually clearer.
In an eye without myopia, light entering the eye is focused directly onto the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that sends visual information to your brain.
With myopia, light focuses in front of the retina rather than directly on it. This usually happens because the eyeball is slightly longer than average, although the shape and focusing power of the cornea can also contribute. The further the focal point falls in front of the retina, the stronger the short-sighted prescription tends to be.
Myopia can range from mild to high. People with mild myopia may only need correction for particular activities, while those with a stronger prescription usually rely more consistently on glasses or contact lenses for clear distance vision.
Myopia often begins during childhood or adolescence as the eye grows. In many people the prescription stabilises by early adulthood, although it can continue to change for longer in some cases.
What are the causes of myopia?
There is not always one clear reason why someone develops myopia. Genetic and environmental factors can both play a role.
Myopia is more likely to develop if one or both parents are short-sighted, which suggests a strong genetic component. It is also associated with the way the eye grows during childhood: when the eyeball becomes too long from front to back, incoming light focuses before it reaches the retina.
Environmental factors can also influence the development and progression of myopia, particularly during childhood. Spending long periods on close-up activities and spending less time outdoors have both been associated with an increased likelihood of myopia.
This does not mean that reading a book or using a screen will automatically make someone short-sighted. Myopia generally develops through a combination of factors rather than one single habit.
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What causes myopia to worsen?
Myopia often progresses while the eyes are still growing, which is why prescriptions can change more frequently during childhood and the teenage years. People who develop myopia at a younger age may have more time for it to progress and can therefore be more likely to develop a stronger prescription.
Once eye growth slows, myopia often becomes more stable. Prescriptions can still change in adulthood, so regular eye examinations remain important.
Myopia is also described according to the strength of the prescription, and is often grouped into mild, moderate and high myopia. High myopia generally refers to a stronger degree of short-sightedness and requires regular eye-health monitoring.
Symptoms of myopia
The main symptom of myopia is blurred distance vision. You may notice that nearby objects remain clear while things further away are increasingly difficult to see. Common signs include:
- Difficulty reading road signs or other distant text
- Blurred vision when watching television or looking across a room
- Difficulty recognising people from a distance
- Squinting to see faraway objects more clearly
- Eye strain or tired eyes
- Headaches associated with visual effort
- Difficulty seeing a whiteboard or screen from a distance
- Moving closer to objects in order to see them clearly
- Greater difficulty with distance vision when driving, particularly in lower light
Symptoms can develop gradually, so changes in distance vision are not always immediately obvious. If you notice that faraway objects are becoming harder to see clearly, an eye examination can help determine whether myopia or another vision condition is the cause.
Treatment options for short-sightedness
There are several ways to correct myopia. The most appropriate approach depends on your age, prescription, eye health, lifestyle and whether your prescription is stable.
There is no single treatment that is right for everyone with high myopia. It is also important to distinguish between correcting the blurred vision caused by high myopia and monitoring the health of a highly short-sighted eye. Corrective treatment does not remove the longer-term eye-health risks associated with high myopia, so regular eye examinations remain important.
How LASIK and PRK correct myopia
Laser eye surgery for myopia reshapes the cornea so that light focuses on the retina rather than in front of it. For short-sighted prescriptions, the laser reduces the focusing power of the central cornea. LASIK and PRK work toward the same optical goal but access the cornea differently.
Am I suitable for laser eye surgery for myopia?
Laser vision correction is generally considered for adults whose prescription has become stable and whose eyes are healthy. Your assessment will look at the strength and stability of your prescription, corneal shape and thickness, overall eye health and your individual visual needs.
A stronger prescription does not automatically mean surgery is unsuitable, but there are limits to how much corneal tissue can safely be reshaped. For some people with very high myopia, an implantable lens may therefore be more appropriate than LASIK or PRK.
The purpose of your consultation is to determine which approach is suitable for your eyes, rather than choosing a procedure based on prescription alone.
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Benefits of treating short-sightedness
Correcting myopia allows light to focus more accurately on the retina, providing clearer distance vision. Depending on the method of correction you choose, potential benefits can include:
- Clearer distance visionDistant objects, road signs and faces across a room become easier to see, with less squinting and visual effort.
- Less dependence on glasses or contact lensesFor suitable adults who choose laser vision correction, treatment can reduce reliance on glasses and contact lenses for everyday activities.
- Comfort for work, study and drivingClearer vision for screens, presentations, watching television, attending events and driving, particularly in lower light.
- Realistic, assessed expectationsLaser treatment corrects the refractive error causing your blurred vision. It does not prevent every future change in eyesight or remove the need for regular eye examinations, which matters particularly for high myopia.
Short-sightedness treatment cost in Northern Ireland
The cost depends on which treatment is suitable for your eyes. If your prescription falls outside the appropriate range for laser correction, an implantable lens may be recommended instead, and your clinical team will explain those costs at your assessment.
We believe the financial side of treatment should be clear before you make a decision, so your consultation includes clear pricing before you decide whether to proceed.
Standard Laser Eye Surgery
From £795 per eyeor from £27 per month
Standard Laser Eye Surgery fixes short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism with advanced laser tech for clearer vision.
- Free Consultation with Senior Refractive Optometrist
- Corneal Topography, Eye Design and AR Scans.
- Pre-operative Consultation with Surgeon
- Laser Eye Surgery
- Post-operative Care
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LASIK
From £1,847.50 per eyeor from £77 per month
A flap-based laser procedure with rapid visual recovery, usually within a day.
- Free consultation
- Advanced diagnostic scans
- Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
- Surgery
- Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
- Eye care drops
- Laser lifetime care guarantee
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PRK
From £1,847.50 per eyeor from £77 per month
A surface laser treatment suited to thinner corneas, with a slightly longer recovery.
- Free consultation
- Advanced diagnostic scans
- Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
- PRK Surgery
- Eye care drops
- Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
- Laser lifetime care guarantee
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Phakic IOL
From £3,247.50 per eyeor from £136 per month
An implantable lens placed alongside the natural lens, for higher prescriptions.
- Pre-operative consultation with ophthalmic surgeon
- Advanced diagnostic scans
- Phakic IOL Surgery
- Eye care drops
- Post-operative appointment with refractive optometrist
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Myopia questions answered
Common questions about short-sightedness, how it develops and how it can be corrected.
Yes. Myopia is a very common eye condition. It frequently begins during childhood or adolescence and can vary considerably in severity from person to person.
Regular eye examinations can identify myopia and determine the level of correction required.
Reading itself does not mean that you will automatically develop myopia. Research has associated prolonged periods of near-focus activity with a greater risk of developing or progressing myopia during childhood, particularly when combined with limited time outdoors.
Reading, studying and using screens are best understood as possible environmental factors rather than a single direct cause.
Myopia does not normally disappear simply because you get older. It often progresses while the eye is growing and then becomes more stable during early adulthood.
Other age-related changes to the eyes can alter your vision later in life, but these do not mean that the underlying myopia has been cured.
Myopia most commonly begins earlier in life rather than being caused by normal ageing. An existing prescription can still change in adulthood, and certain changes within the eye may cause someone to become more short-sighted later in life.
A new or significant change in prescription in adulthood should be assessed rather than assumed to be a normal consequence of ageing.
Myopia can be corrected very effectively, but cure can be a misleading word. Glasses and contact lenses correct how light focuses while they are being worn, and laser eye surgery can reshape the cornea to correct the refractive error for suitable adults.
Laser treatment does not shorten an elongated eyeball, and natural changes to vision can still occur later in life.
LASIK can correct myopia in many suitable adults by reshaping the cornea so light focuses more accurately on the retina. It can significantly reduce dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
It is more accurate to describe LASIK as correcting myopia rather than curing the underlying anatomy of a short-sighted eye.
In most cases myopia can be corrected effectively and does not lead to sight loss. People with high myopia do have a higher risk of developing certain eye conditions over time, which is why regular eye examinations are important.
These check-ups allow your eye health to be monitored and any changes identified early. Having high myopia does not mean that you will lose your sight.
High myopia is a more severe form of short-sightedness, typically a prescription of -6.00 dioptres or more. It usually requires stronger vision correction and carries a higher risk of eye health issues.
The best corrective option varies by individual and may include glasses, contact lenses, laser eye surgery or an implantable lens.
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