Astigmatism
Blurred, distorted or less comfortable vision at any distance?
If lights look stretched or blurred, reading feels tiring, or your vision never seems completely sharp - whether you are looking near or far - astigmatism could be the reason.
Astigmatism is a very common focusing condition. It happens when the shape of the cornea, or sometimes the natural lens inside the eye, causes light to focus unevenly rather than at a single point.
For many people, it can be corrected effectively with glasses or contact lenses. For suitable adults, laser eye surgery may also provide a longer-term form of vision correction, depending on the type and degree of astigmatism, your corneal measurements and your overall eye health.
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A common focusing condition, not an eye disease
Astigmatism is a refractive error rather than a disease, and a great many people have at least a small amount of it. Even a mild prescription can be troublesome, because it can lead to regular squinting and frontal headaches.
A detailed assessment at Optilase can establish what is affecting your vision and which correction options may be appropriate, including laser eye surgery for suitable adults.
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What is astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a common refractive error that can make near and distance vision appear blurred or distorted.
In an eye without significant astigmatism, the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, has a relatively even curvature. This helps incoming light focus accurately onto the retina at the back of the eye. With astigmatism, the cornea has different curvatures in different directions. Astigmatism can also sometimes originate from the natural lens inside the eye.
A simple way to visualise the difference is to think of a football and a rugby ball. A more evenly curved eye focuses light consistently, while an eye with astigmatism has an uneven curvature that causes light to focus at more than one point.
This irregular focus can make details appear less sharp, stretched or distorted. Astigmatism commonly occurs alongside other refractive errors, including myopia and hyperopia. The amount varies considerably: some people have such a small degree that they experience few or no symptoms, while others need regular vision correction.
What are the causes of astigmatism?
The exact reason someone develops astigmatism is not always known. For many people, the shape of the cornea develops naturally, and genetics can play a role. Astigmatism may therefore be present from birth or develop as the eye grows.
Astigmatism often exists alongside short-sightedness or long-sightedness rather than occurring on its own. Everyday activities such as reading, watching television or using a computer or phone do not cause astigmatism.
If your prescription changes significantly or the shape of your cornea appears unusual, your eye care professional may carry out additional tests to understand the reason.
It can also develop or change later in life following
- Changes in the shape of the cornea
- An eye injury
- Certain types of eye surgery
- Some corneal conditions, including keratoconus
- Changes within the natural lens of the eye
Symptoms of astigmatism
The most common symptom is blurred or distorted vision, which can affect both nearby and distant objects. Unlike short-sightedness or long-sightedness, where one viewing distance may be noticeably more affected, astigmatism can reduce the quality of vision across different distances.
- Blurred or distorted vision
- Difficulty seeing fine detail clearly
- Squinting to sharpen your vision
- Eye strain or tired eyes
- Headaches after prolonged visual concentration
- Difficulty focusing comfortably when reading or using screens
- Glare or halos around lights
- Greater difficulty seeing clearly in low-light conditions
- Problems with night driving, particularly around headlights and streetlights
Astigmatism and night driving can be particularly noticeable, because blurred light sources may appear stretched, streaked or surrounded by halos. Symptoms vary according to the degree and type of astigmatism. If your vision is becoming blurred or distorted, an eye examination can determine whether astigmatism or another condition is responsible.
Treatment options for astigmatism
There are several ways to correct astigmatism. The most appropriate option depends on your prescription, eye health, lifestyle and individual visual needs.
How LASIK and PRK correct astigmatism
Laser eye surgery for astigmatism reshapes the cornea so that light focuses more accurately onto the retina. Rather than simply making the cornea flatter or steeper overall, treatment is planned to correct differences in curvature across the corneal surface. Astigmatism can often be corrected during the same procedure as short-sightedness or long-sightedness.
What your assessment will look at
Your assessment considers more than your level of astigmatism. Not every type can or should be treated with laser surgery, and irregular corneal conditions require careful assessment.
- The type and strength of your astigmatism
- Whether you also have short-sightedness or long-sightedness
- Your corneal shape and thickness
- Whether your prescription is stable, which is required for surgery
- The health of your cornea and the rest of your eye
- Your lifestyle and visual priorities
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Benefits of treating astigmatism
Correcting astigmatism can make vision sharper, more consistent and more comfortable across everyday activities. Depending on the type of correction used, potential benefits can include:
- Clearer near and distance visionLess visual distortion, easier recognition of fine detail and reduced squinting across the distances that matter to you.
- Less eye strainMore comfortable reading and screen use during visually demanding tasks, with less strain from constant refocusing.
- Clearer vision in low lightImproved visual clarity for driving and other distance activities where uncorrected astigmatism is contributing to blur and glare.
- Less dependence on glasses or contact lensesGlasses and contact lenses correct astigmatism without permanently changing the eye. For suitable patients, laser vision correction reduces that dependence by changing the shape of the cornea itself.
Astigmatism treatment cost in Northern Ireland
The cost depends on which treatment is suitable for your eyes.
Astigmatism is frequently corrected during the same procedure as short-sightedness or long-sightedness, rather than being priced separately.
Your consultation will confirm which options are available to you and provide clear pricing before you decide whether to proceed.
Standard Laser Eye Surgery
From £795 per eyeor from £27 per month
Standard Laser Eye Surgery fixes short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism with advanced laser tech for clearer vision.
- Free Consultation with Senior Refractive Optometrist
- Corneal Topography, Eye Design and AR Scans.
- Pre-operative Consultation with Surgeon
- Laser Eye Surgery
- Post-operative Care
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LASIK
From £1,847.50 per eyeor from £77 per month
A flap-based laser procedure with rapid visual recovery, usually within a day.
- Free consultation
- Advanced diagnostic scans
- Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
- Surgery
- Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
- Eye care drops
- Laser lifetime care guarantee
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PRK
From £1,847.50 per eyeor from £77 per month
A surface laser treatment suited to thinner corneas, with a slightly longer recovery.
- Free consultation
- Advanced diagnostic scans
- Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
- PRK Surgery
- Eye care drops
- Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
- Laser lifetime care guarantee
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Astigmatism questions answered
Common questions about astigmatism, how it affects vision and how it can be corrected.
Astigmatism is a refractive error that occurs when the eye does not focus light evenly, usually because of differences in the shape of the cornea or lens.
This can cause blurred or distorted vision and often occurs alongside short-sightedness or long-sightedness.
Astigmatism does not look exactly the same for everybody. You may notice that objects appear slightly blurred, stretched or distorted.
Lights can sometimes appear less defined, particularly at night, and bright points of light may produce glare, halos or streaking. The effect depends on the strength and orientation of your astigmatism.
With little or no astigmatism, light is focused evenly onto the retina, producing a sharper image.
With astigmatism, differences in the curvature of the cornea or lens cause light to focus unevenly. This can result in blurred or distorted vision at near, intermediate or far distances.
Astigmatism is very common, and many people have at least a small degree of it.
Mild astigmatism may have little effect on vision and may not require treatment. Stronger astigmatism is more likely to cause noticeable blur, distortion or visual discomfort.
You can be born with astigmatism, and genetics may influence the shape of your cornea.
Astigmatism can also develop or change over time. Eye injury, surgery and certain corneal conditions can sometimes alter the shape of the eye and produce astigmatism later in life.
Astigmatism can usually be corrected effectively, although cured is not always the most accurate term. Glasses and contact lenses correct your vision while you wear them, and for suitable patients laser eye surgery can reshape the cornea to correct the astigmatism itself.
Your eyes can still change naturally over time, so no treatment can guarantee that your prescription will remain exactly the same throughout life.
Yes, laser eye surgery can correct many cases of astigmatism. The laser reshapes specific areas of the cornea so that light focuses more evenly onto the retina.
Suitability depends on the type and amount of astigmatism, corneal measurements, prescription stability and overall eye health.
LASIK can correct astigmatism in many suitable patients by reshaping the cornea. It is more accurate to describe this as correcting astigmatism rather than guaranteeing a permanent cure, as natural changes to your prescription can still occur later in life.
A detailed assessment is required to determine whether LASIK is suitable for your individual eyes.
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