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Astigmatism

Blurred, distorted or less comfortable vision at any distance?

If lights look stretched or blurred, reading feels tiring, or your vision never seems completely sharp - whether you are looking near or far - astigmatism could be the reason.

Astigmatism is a very common focusing condition. It happens when the shape of the cornea, or sometimes the natural lens inside the eye, causes light to focus unevenly rather than at a single point.

For many people, it can be corrected effectively with glasses or contact lenses. For suitable adults, laser eye surgery may also provide a longer-term form of vision correction, depending on the type and degree of astigmatism, your corneal measurements and your overall eye health.

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A common focusing condition, not an eye disease

Astigmatism is a refractive error rather than a disease, and a great many people have at least a small amount of it. Even a mild prescription can be troublesome, because it can lead to regular squinting and frontal headaches.

A detailed assessment at Optilase can establish what is affecting your vision and which correction options may be appropriate, including laser eye surgery for suitable adults.

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What is astigmatism?

Astigmatism is a common refractive error that can make near and distance vision appear blurred or distorted.

In an eye without significant astigmatism, the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, has a relatively even curvature. This helps incoming light focus accurately onto the retina at the back of the eye. With astigmatism, the cornea has different curvatures in different directions. Astigmatism can also sometimes originate from the natural lens inside the eye.

A simple way to visualise the difference is to think of a football and a rugby ball. A more evenly curved eye focuses light consistently, while an eye with astigmatism has an uneven curvature that causes light to focus at more than one point.

This irregular focus can make details appear less sharp, stretched or distorted. Astigmatism commonly occurs alongside other refractive errors, including myopia and hyperopia. The amount varies considerably: some people have such a small degree that they experience few or no symptoms, while others need regular vision correction.

What are the causes of astigmatism?

The exact reason someone develops astigmatism is not always known. For many people, the shape of the cornea develops naturally, and genetics can play a role. Astigmatism may therefore be present from birth or develop as the eye grows.

Astigmatism often exists alongside short-sightedness or long-sightedness rather than occurring on its own. Everyday activities such as reading, watching television or using a computer or phone do not cause astigmatism.

If your prescription changes significantly or the shape of your cornea appears unusual, your eye care professional may carry out additional tests to understand the reason.

It can also develop or change later in life following

  • Changes in the shape of the cornea
  • An eye injury
  • Certain types of eye surgery
  • Some corneal conditions, including keratoconus
  • Changes within the natural lens of the eye

Symptoms of astigmatism

The most common symptom is blurred or distorted vision, which can affect both nearby and distant objects. Unlike short-sightedness or long-sightedness, where one viewing distance may be noticeably more affected, astigmatism can reduce the quality of vision across different distances.

  • Blurred or distorted vision
  • Difficulty seeing fine detail clearly
  • Squinting to sharpen your vision
  • Eye strain or tired eyes
  • Headaches after prolonged visual concentration
  • Difficulty focusing comfortably when reading or using screens
  • Glare or halos around lights
  • Greater difficulty seeing clearly in low-light conditions
  • Problems with night driving, particularly around headlights and streetlights

Astigmatism and night driving can be particularly noticeable, because blurred light sources may appear stretched, streaked or surrounded by halos. Symptoms vary according to the degree and type of astigmatism. If your vision is becoming blurred or distorted, an eye examination can determine whether astigmatism or another condition is responsible.

Treatment options for astigmatism

There are several ways to correct astigmatism. The most appropriate option depends on your prescription, eye health, lifestyle and individual visual needs.

Glasses

Prescription glasses are one of the simplest ways to correct astigmatism. The lenses compensate for the uneven focusing power of the eye, helping light focus more accurately and providing clearer vision.

Contact lenses

Some people with mild astigmatism may be able to wear certain standard lenses, but toric contact lenses are specifically designed to correct astigmatism and are commonly used when more precise correction is needed.

The right lens depends on your prescription, eye shape, tear film and how frequently you plan to wear lenses.

Laser eye surgery

For suitable adults, laser eye surgery can correct many forms of astigmatism by reshaping the cornea. It is frequently corrected at the same time as accompanying short-sightedness or long-sightedness.

Whether laser treatment is appropriate depends on the strength and stability of your prescription, corneal shape and thickness, and your general eye health.

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Lens-based vision correction

For some people, particularly where laser eye surgery is not suitable, a lens-based procedure may provide another option.

The most appropriate approach depends on your prescription, age, eye health and the condition of your natural lens. A full assessment is needed before deciding which form of correction is appropriate.

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How LASIK and PRK correct astigmatism

Laser eye surgery for astigmatism reshapes the cornea so that light focuses more accurately onto the retina. Rather than simply making the cornea flatter or steeper overall, treatment is planned to correct differences in curvature across the corneal surface. Astigmatism can often be corrected during the same procedure as short-sightedness or long-sightedness.

  • 01

    Anaesthetic drops

    Anaesthetic eye drops are applied to numb the surface of the eye before treatment.

  • 02

    The cornea is prepared

    With LASIK, a thin corneal flap is created before the underlying tissue is reshaped. With PRK, treatment is carried out from the surface of the cornea without creating a flap.

  • 03

    The laser evens out the curvature

    An excimer laser reshapes specific areas of the cornea so that its curvature becomes more even and light focuses at a single point on the retina.

  • 04

    Healing begins

    With LASIK the flap is repositioned. With PRK the surface layer needs several days to heal and is protected by a bandage contact lens.

What your assessment will look at

Your assessment considers more than your level of astigmatism. Not every type can or should be treated with laser surgery, and irregular corneal conditions require careful assessment.

  • The type and strength of your astigmatism
  • Whether you also have short-sightedness or long-sightedness
  • Your corneal shape and thickness
  • Whether your prescription is stable, which is required for surgery
  • The health of your cornea and the rest of your eye
  • Your lifestyle and visual priorities
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Benefits of treating astigmatism

Correcting astigmatism can make vision sharper, more consistent and more comfortable across everyday activities. Depending on the type of correction used, potential benefits can include:

Astigmatism treatment cost in Northern Ireland

The cost depends on which treatment is suitable for your eyes.

Astigmatism is frequently corrected during the same procedure as short-sightedness or long-sightedness, rather than being priced separately.

Your consultation will confirm which options are available to you and provide clear pricing before you decide whether to proceed.

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  • Standard Laser Eye Surgery

    From £795 per eye

    or from £27 per month

    Standard Laser Eye Surgery fixes short-sightedness, long-sightedness, and astigmatism with advanced laser tech for clearer vision.

    • Free Consultation with Senior Refractive Optometrist
    • Corneal Topography, Eye Design and AR Scans.
    • Pre-operative Consultation with Surgeon
    • Laser Eye Surgery
    • Post-operative Care

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  • LASIK

    From £1,847.50 per eye

    or from £77 per month

    A flap-based laser procedure with rapid visual recovery, usually within a day.

    • Free consultation
    • Advanced diagnostic scans
    • Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
    • Surgery
    • Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
    • Eye care drops
    • Laser lifetime care guarantee

    Split your payments withhumm

  • PRK

    From £1,847.50 per eye

    or from £77 per month

    A surface laser treatment suited to thinner corneas, with a slightly longer recovery.

    • Free consultation
    • Advanced diagnostic scans
    • Pre-operative appointment with ophthalmic surgeon
    • PRK Surgery
    • Eye care drops
    • Post-operative follow up care with refractive optometrist
    • Laser lifetime care guarantee

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Meet our surgeons

  • Mr Thomas Materman

    Mr Tom Materman received his primary medical degree from the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in 1991. He worked as a locum GP before spending 12 months in Nepal with the Tilganga Eye Institute, part of the Fred Hollows Foundation, committed to providing first-world eye care in third-world countries. He then underwent postgraduate training in Ophthalmology in Wellington, New Zealand. After his training, he gained further Fellowship experience at the West of England Eye Hospital and the glaucoma service of Moorfields Eye Hospital, then completed a two-year refractive surgical fellowship in London with Professor Jan Venter.

    Since 2006 he has been a Fellow of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. Mr Materman has performed over 30,000 laser vision correction procedures (LASIK and PRK) and has significant experience in other areas of refractive practice such as lens replacement surgery, ICL implantation and cataract surgery. He keeps his knowledge up to date by attending numerous courses and conferences and is enrolled in an approved CPD programme by the Irish College of Ophthalmologists.

    Mr Materman is dedicated to using the most advanced techniques and safest technologies worldwide, and is a member of various professional organisations including the Irish Medical Council, the General Medical Council (UK) and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons.

    In his free time he enjoys photography, cooking, and outdoor activities such as mountain biking, road cycling and ocean sports.

  • Mr Mikhail Hernandez

    Mr Mikhail Hernandez is a fully qualified medical practitioner with vast experience in ophthalmology. After graduating Magna Cum Laude, with great distinction, and gaining his Spanish University Medical Degree in 2011, his passion for ophthalmology developed. Becoming a specialist in the field, Mr Hernandez continued his studies in ophthalmology, winning the scholarship of the Congress of the Valencian Society of Ophthalmology in 2016 and becoming a Specialist Doctor of Ophthalmology in 2017.

    Since then Mr Hernandez has completed a number of advanced qualifications in ophthalmology. He is a cornea specialist with experience in both normal and pathological corneal diagnosis and treatment, having performed multiple intricate surgeries such as corneal transplant, keratoconus and pterygium, using advanced technologies including the femtosecond and excimer lasers. He has practised as an ophthalmologist in southern Ireland and in Spain, has performed more than 4,000 cataract surgery procedures, and has gained a vast amount of experience in refractive intraocular lens treatments.

    With a keen interest in cataract and lens replacement care, Mr Hernandez regularly attends and speaks at industry conferences to stay on top of the latest developments in the field, and has shared his findings as a co-author and research participant in a substantial number of medical books, journals and clinical studies both internationally and nationally. He also teaches ophthalmology residents and medical students from Spain and other parts of Europe in the ophthalmology and cornea field.

    On a personal level, Mr Hernandez loves to travel and to spend time with his family. His current favourite pastime is raising his baby.

  • Dr Mehul Damani

    Dr Mehul Damani is an ophthalmic surgeon with extensive specialist training in refractive surgery and is considered a leader in his field by his patients and peers. He is a specialist in LASIK and PRK laser eye surgery, having performed over 19,000 procedures, and has mentored many ophthalmic surgeons during their refractive surgery training.

    He graduated from the University of Mumbai, where he won the Pfizer Medical award and medallion for first place in the final MBBS examination. He then became a Registrar at Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals in Mumbai, subsequently completing three years of specialist ophthalmology training with an emphasis on cataract and glaucoma surgery.

    Dr Damani widened his experience as a specialist doctor for Colchester General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Southend University NHS Hospital. He gained further specialist training in refractive surgery and was awarded the Certificate in Refractive Surgery (CertLRS) from the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, and has conducted observations in oculoplasty at Moorfields. He has presented many peer-reviewed medical papers and posters for the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ESCRS).

    Dr Damani is passionate about Indian classical music and loves to travel and explore different cultures and cuisines. He enjoys the process of training new surgeons.

  • Mr Dipak Parmar

    Mr Dipak Parmar completed his medical training at the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals in London. He completed his basic surgical training at King's College Hospital in neurosurgery and ophthalmology, after which he passed the FRCOphth examination to become a Fellow of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. He completed his higher surgical training in ophthalmology and a fellowship in uveitis and medical retina at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London.

    Mr Parmar completed an international clinical fellowship in cornea, external diseases and refractive surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, from 2003 to 2005. As a result of his training and research he has authored over 40 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has written 3 book chapters. He is one of the few eye surgeons in the UK to have undergone state-of-the-art training in refractive surgery in a prestigious clinical fellowship programme in the USA, and one of the first ophthalmology consultants in the UK to offer corneal collagen cross-linking treatment for keratoconus, in both private and NHS settings.

    He was awarded the CCST (Certificate of Completion of Surgical Training) and specialist registration under the General Medical Council in ophthalmology in 2003, and took up the post of consultant ophthalmic surgeon at Barts Health NHS Trust, London, in 2006. He moved on from the NHS in 2017 to further his career as an independent consultant ophthalmic surgeon based in London and Essex, and continues to perform high-volume cataract surgery for independent providers to the NHS on a biweekly basis. He regularly performs lens and laser based vision correction procedures in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

    Mr Parmar was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (FRANZCO) in September 2011. In 2023 he spent significant time working in busy private and public hospitals in rural south-west Australia, gaining a high volume of experience in general ophthalmology, cataract surgery, medical retina injections, and glaucoma including selective laser trabeculoplasty and iStent minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

    Mr Parmar has extensive surgical experience with over 15,000 eye surgeries completed to date, including over 10,000 cataract and lens surgeries and over 5,000 laser vision correction procedures.

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What our patients say

  • Margaret Mc Clafferty

    I had LASIK done in Dublin after a consultation and follow up in Derry. From the very start, Elizabeth in Derry put me at ease with her approach. Such a warm, helpful way…

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  • Shanna Blair

    Lianne is fabulous, great consultation lots of information and lovely to speak to

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  • Ben Sheeran

    Fantastic staff. Lianne was really courteous and professional

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  • Aline Bortolotti Secco

    I had a great LASIK experience at Optilase Carrickmines and couldn’t be happier with the results. Dr. Tom Materman is incredibly kind, attentive, and made me feel comfort…

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  • Luke

    Very good experience throughout. Very helpful and friendly staff and a quick procedure done. Would recommend.

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  • Carl Thorne

    Life changing. From the initial consultation to the aftercare, Optilase have been friendly, professional and caring every step of the way. No worry or concern was too sma…

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  • Colm Smith

    Very happy with the operation, results and the aftercare

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  • Thomas Mielimonka

    Fantastic experience through and through. Fred and the rest of Belfast team were a dream to work with. They explained everything, kept me well informed and honoured the …

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  • Sarah Lennon

    Very nice staff. Very patient and accommodating. Made a nervous patient feel less so.

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  • Gerard Mcphillips

    Very professional and appointments on time

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  • D

    Great team, great experience. Anyone thinking about doing it, do it. Always on the end of the phone if there was any issues. Highly recommend!

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  • Jason Farrell

    The entire process was smooth professional and completely stress free, I couldn't be happier with my outcome

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Astigmatism questions answered

Common questions about astigmatism, how it affects vision and how it can be corrected.

  • Astigmatism is a refractive error that occurs when the eye does not focus light evenly, usually because of differences in the shape of the cornea or lens.

    This can cause blurred or distorted vision and often occurs alongside short-sightedness or long-sightedness.

  • Astigmatism does not look exactly the same for everybody. You may notice that objects appear slightly blurred, stretched or distorted.

    Lights can sometimes appear less defined, particularly at night, and bright points of light may produce glare, halos or streaking. The effect depends on the strength and orientation of your astigmatism.

  • With little or no astigmatism, light is focused evenly onto the retina, producing a sharper image.

    With astigmatism, differences in the curvature of the cornea or lens cause light to focus unevenly. This can result in blurred or distorted vision at near, intermediate or far distances.

  • Astigmatism is very common, and many people have at least a small degree of it.

    Mild astigmatism may have little effect on vision and may not require treatment. Stronger astigmatism is more likely to cause noticeable blur, distortion or visual discomfort.

  • You can be born with astigmatism, and genetics may influence the shape of your cornea.

    Astigmatism can also develop or change over time. Eye injury, surgery and certain corneal conditions can sometimes alter the shape of the eye and produce astigmatism later in life.

  • Astigmatism can usually be corrected effectively, although cured is not always the most accurate term. Glasses and contact lenses correct your vision while you wear them, and for suitable patients laser eye surgery can reshape the cornea to correct the astigmatism itself.

    Your eyes can still change naturally over time, so no treatment can guarantee that your prescription will remain exactly the same throughout life.

  • Yes, laser eye surgery can correct many cases of astigmatism. The laser reshapes specific areas of the cornea so that light focuses more evenly onto the retina.

    Suitability depends on the type and amount of astigmatism, corneal measurements, prescription stability and overall eye health.

  • LASIK can correct astigmatism in many suitable patients by reshaping the cornea. It is more accurate to describe this as correcting astigmatism rather than guaranteeing a permanent cure, as natural changes to your prescription can still occur later in life.

    A detailed assessment is required to determine whether LASIK is suitable for your individual eyes.

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